The systematic cultivation and management of nursing staff in Taiwan began the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). In the recent years, some researchers explored the development and employment of nurse ,called “kangofu,かんごふ,and military nurses during the Japanese colonial period from the perspectives of women's history. Nurses were regarded as a new female occupation, as well as its impact on women's life or status. This article will take in the late of Japanese colony period, the " hokenfu, ほけんふ” could be seen as a pioneer of Taiwan's public health nurses. As the starting point, This article will take the Taipei Health Care Center (台北保健館)which belong to the Taiwan Health Care Association, a corporate foundation founded by the Taiwan Governor-General in 1941 as the main case, to illustrate the "district nursing" and "home visit" as the core. This article will intend to use archives, health magazines, newspapers and conduct historical research method to show how the training of public health nurses, how practicing public health work and home visits in Taipei Health Care Center during the 1940s to 1950s. Finally, this article will present the image of public health nurses in Taipei Health Care Center, and how the public health knowledge flowing among public health nurses and Taiwanese.

J.P. Frank played the main role in the formation of the Medical Police as a science and subject of teaching. He outlined his ideas in the multi-volume German work «A Complete System of the Medical Police» (1779-1819). At the beginning of the 20th century, the Medical Police transformed into the Social Hygiene. This is how this science began to be called in German-speaking countries. In English-speaking countries, another term has become widespread, i.e. Public Health. In 1784, Danylevsky graduated from the University of Göttingen with the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery after defending a Latin dissertation entitled: De magistratu medico felicissimo. At that time, Latin was still the language of medical science, understood in all university countries. In accordance with the concept of the Medical Police, Danylevsky argued that the government should take care of the health of its subjects, since the administrative measures that this government took made it possible to preserve public health more effectively than the activities of individual doctors. The years of the new coronavirus disease pandemic have shown that these ideas remain relevant in our time. We have established that Danylevsky’s dissertation supervisor was Professor of the University of Göttingen J.P. Frank, and Danylevsky was the first native of Ukraine who wrote about the Medical Police. Danilevsky’s dissertation outlined the ideas of his teacher, the founder of the Medical Police J.P.Frank. Danilevsky's published Latin dissertation, overcoming borders, participated in the circulation, exchange and transit of knowledge throughout the world.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the health conditions of criminals held in the prisons of colonial Taiwan, and to describe what the modernization of penal services meant to the colony in terms of medical care.
Prisons in the colonies were devices of surveillance and oppression that isolated criminals, including political prisoners opposed to colonial rule, from the general public and corrected them through confinement and imprisonment to help them adjust to the logic of governance. As a result, many inmates had to live in a small space and were forced to perform labor such as bricklaying and dressmaking during the daytime. As a result, the crowded conditions in prisons made them extremely vulnerable to the spread of infectious diseases, so measures to prevent infectious disease outbreaks had to be implemented quickly. The modernization of penalties was spreading not only in the home country of the Japanese empire but also in the colonies, and efforts were being made to curb the incidence of disease and death. Overall society on the island of Taiwan had a large medical gap between the Japanese and the Taiwanese, and this was reflected in the mortality rate, whereas within the prisons the level was almost the same. It can be concluded that an ironical situation developed in the prisons, where no discrimination by ethnicity was observed. In light of this reality, another distortion of "surveillance and punishment" can be glimpsed.

The “rancho”—a common dwelling—was, for the experts at the Malaria Division of Venezuela, particularly troubling. Made up of thatch roofs, rammed mud walls, and compacted earth floors, the rancho was a site of both social and physical corruption. The proposed solution was to eliminate such dwellings, bringing a change in health status and a change in people’s way of living. By replacing the rancho with a modern dwelling made up of cement blocks and concrete slabs, the experts suggested, the rural man could be saved from his diseased environment but, more significantly, from himself. Enunciated by doctors, not architects, these architectural recommendations and demonstrations of sanitary expertise became a staple of a meliorist approach to the environment that malaria eradication campaigns in the Americas promoted between 1930 to 1960. This paper traces the entanglement between architecture, landscape, and medicine, attending to the role that sanitary experts played in transforming medical knowledge into a spatial practice. Architecture, in this story, was the technology that the medical and sanitary technocrats used to incorporate rural regions and their people into activities tied to resource extraction. The paper asks: How was it possible to equate the amelioration of the environment with the betterment of bodies necessary to carry out the works of modernization? And what social, spatial, and racial meanings did sanitation work carry? By looking at Venezuela's eradication campaign, this paper writes the history of Venezuela’s built environment and how sanitary experts' approach to sanitation increasingly shaped it.