The generalization of the scientific opinion of researchers from the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine in response to the Russian-Ukrainian war, reflected in publications on natural-technological tasks, issues of security and defense and socio-humanitarian disciplines, where the historical prerequisites, social and cultural dimensions and risks of this war for Ukraine and the world are considered.
In 2014, the Russian Federation annexed Crimea peninsula and began aggression in eastern Ukraine, on February 24, 2022, a full-scale invasion of russian troops began. In the scientific sphere of Ukraine during the war a significant part of the scientific infrastructure were destructed, a financial support, human resources and ties between the scientific and industrial spheres were reduced.
The creation of the first ukrainian samples of transparent armor that meet NATO standards, an X-band radar station and a system for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles, camouflage composite coatings, biomaterials for the restoration of bone tissue, cryopreservation technologies of blood cells were analyzed.
The spectrum of humanitarian research at the NAS of Ukraine covers the justification of social phenomena and processes caused by the war, in particular the multi-million flow of forced migrants, the destruction of the socio-psychological health of the population and in the same time the activation of its mobilization resources.
The volunteer activities of the NAS of Ukraine in helping the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the population, the support of the Academy by the international scientific community were highlighted.

Science is vital to society, especially during war, when it provides solutions to support defense, the economy, and humanitarian needs. Armed conflicts significantly impact the scientific community by causing loss of talent, destruction of infrastructure, and jeopardizing long-term research. Scientific migration becomes crucial in preserving intellectual capital and enabling knowledge dissemination abroad.

Migration during wartime arises from threats to safety, loss of resources such as labs and funding, and persecution. Meanwhile, international research centers attract scientists with stability and opportunities for professional growth. Despite challenges, migration has benefits: it allows researchers to work in secure environments, fosters innovation and strengthens global scientific collaboration. However, it also poses issues like brain drain and difficulties with integration, language, and recognition of qualifications.

Historically, scientific migration has driven global progress. During World War II, European scientists like Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi contributed significantly to U.S. advancements in physics and chemistry. Similarly, Ukrainian scientists displaced by the war with Russia now find support abroad. International organizations, including UNESCO, provide grants, scholarships, and scientific networks to protect displaced researchers.

In the long term, migrant scientists often contribute to rebuilding their home countries by engaging the diaspora and implementing educational and innovative programs. Balancing support for displaced scientists with strengthening affected countries' scientific bases is vital.

Thus migration of scientists during wartime is both a mechanism for preserving global scientific progress and a critical resource for rebuilding the scientific potential of conflict-affected nations.

The article examines the main development trends and the results of the activities of the Radio-astronomy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during the full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine. The events that influenced the activities of the institution and the breakthroughs achieved during this period of time were analyzed based on data generalization and systematization. The results of the research activities of the Institute's scientists were highlighted.
The article examines how, despite the challenges of the war, the Institute's scientists continue to work, restore their activities and obtain new progressive experimental results after numerous losses caused by the invaders. The radio-astronomy observatory and its equipment suffered significant damage because of the temporary occupation of the Kharkiv region. This brand new radio-astronomy instrument was designed to study the Universe in a certain frequency range with advanced sensitivity and record frequency-time resolution.
The article also highlights the international cooperation of the Institute during the war. In particular, the assistance granted by partners from the European Union helped the scientists to resume their research projects. Special emphasis is put on the joint international projects, participation in international conferences, and the creation of new laboratories in which scientists of the Radio Astronomy Institute participate.
The primary objectives of the article were to identify and to summarize the value of practical scientific research during a full-scale war. Despite the war, the institute continues carrying out applied research. Moreover, the institute continues the development of radio systems and radio devices for various purposes.

The abstract analyzes video interviews and questionnaires recorded as part of the projects "Science and scientists in times of extremes" and "Social history of science in crisis periods of the 21st century", which provide a broad perspective of evidence about the risks and challenges faced by Ukrainian science during recent years. It was discovered that the main risks for Ukrainian science were the consequences of the pandemic and the beginning of Russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of the abstract is to present a woman's perspective of views on events and changes, through the analysis of the collected documentary evidence. The focus is on issues related to the difficulties that the storytellers emphasize, highlighting positive and negative factors in the focus of extreme events, and potential priorities and opportunities for the development of science through the female scientists’ eyes have been defined.
In this topic we will focus on highlighting the female perspective in life and science. The problematic questions we pose to ourselves are the following: what are the risks of recent years singled out by the narrators; how female scientists have perceived the changes that occurred during the Pandemic; the experience of conducting educational and scientific activities during the Pandemic influenced the organization of education and science during a full-scale invasion; how the life of women in science changed after 24.02.2022, what became a priority for them; what difficulties became the biggest for them; what helped female scientists to maintain their scientific potential?